Programação linear: uma proposta de estudo com alunos do ensino médio

Abstract

This research brings a proposal of study with students of High School about Linear Programming. The starting point was with the following researching problem: How to use linear equations and inequalities to solve different Linear Programming problems? For that, it was determined as a general objective to investigate the understanding presented by high school students about the usage of Linear Programming starting from a proposal of solving problems of equations and linear inequalities. Specifically, the objectives were delineated: Solving problems of linear equations and inequalities graphically, with and without Geogebra; Solving Linear Programming problems using linear equations and inequalities; Checking the performance of the students in solving the proposed problems. As a methodological development proposal, a Linear Programming course was developed for 2nd grade high school students focusing on solving problems involving linear equations and inequalities. For the evaluation analysis of the conceptual knowledge about the insertion of referred content in the High School presented by the students, subjective tests and questionnaire were applied. It is worth noticing that the course proposed to the students involved in this study increased the interesting and attention in the development of the proposed questions, it made possible by a methodology that associates mathematics with computer science, a practice not previously seen in school. Therefore, the results showed the viability of the teaching of Linear Programming in the 2nd grade High School, which allows a deepening of the contents of systems of equations and linear inequalities from contextualized problems. However, before inserting such content, a study is necessary that allows the students to appropriate basic contents, such as arithmetic operations, equations and inequalities.