Análise sociopragmática de impolidez em editoriais e tweets de jornais brasileiros sobre o segundo turno da eleição presidencial de 2018

Abstract

Impoliteness can be defined as the use of “communicative strategies” that are “[...] designed to attack face, and thereby cause social conflict and disharmony” (CULPEPER et al. 2003, p. 1546). Although research on impoliteness has received great attention in recent decades, analyzing the journalistic editorial genre is still a field that has relatively little literature in Brazil. This work attempts to fill part of this gap, with the study of impoliteness triggers in a genre that, according to the selected newspaper itself, must be impartial and not publish opinions in order to attack morals and facts. The research investigated the sociopragmatics of impoliteness in online communication, with a main focus on the editorial “A Very Difficult Choice” and on X (Twitter), with emphasis on the 129 responses selected from internet users to the controversial post by the newspaper “O Estado de São Paulo” on this social network. The research is based on conventional and implicational impoliteness formulas defined by Jonathan Culpeper (2011; 2016). The study analyzed the speech acts in this editorial and the responses to this post, exploring the multifaceted dimensions of linguistic impoliteness. Thus, we try to answer the questions: 1) What triggers of impoliteness are found in the journalistic editorial and in the comments made by Internet users on platform X about this editorial? 2) What type of impoliteness trigger stands out the most, both among the conventionalized formulas and in the implicational impoliteness, in the analysis of the corpus? and 3) What does this type of predominant trigger reveal about its use in the editorial and posts? To answer these questions, our general objective is to identify and analyze, in the corpus, the triggers of impoliteness from the perspective of Culpeper's theoretical framework (2011; 2016). Related to this general purpose, we list three specific objectives: 1) Map the conventionalized impoliteness and implicational impoliteness formulas in the corpus, 2) Recognize the triggers of conventionalized and implicational impoliteness and 3) Analyze and describe the impoliteness triggers from the perspective of the theoretical model by Culpeper (2011; 2016). Regarding the methodology, we carried out a virtual, bibliographic-documentary, descriptive field research with qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data from July to November 2023, with nonparticipant observation. Throughout this work, we will demonstrate that the journalist created an impolite editorial, disrespecting the rules defended by the newspaper itself and what is expected from the journalistic editorial genre. Evidence of the use of linguistic-textual resources of the most direct and clear impoliteness is the difference of only 08% of conventionalized formulas between the posts (70%) and the editorial (62%).