Sequência didática para percepção da luz e do som aplicadas para alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

In this work, we started with the use of an experimental didactic sequence for 9th grade students based on BNCC skills: (EF09CI04) Plan and execute experiments that demonstrate that all colors of light can be formed by the composition of the three primary colors of light and that the color of an object is also related to the color of the light that illuminates it and (EF09CI05) Investigate the main mechanisms involved in the transmission and reception of image and sound that revolutionized human communication systems. Propose a Didactic Sequence for elementary school students with skills related to light and sound, with the help of experiments, as a way to develop the student's perception through experimentation. Worked in 8 classes with students from the municipal network at the Chico Monção School Unit, located in the city of Cocal/PI, the classroom experiments were selected in order to make it easier to understand audiovisual phenomena. This product is based on David Ausubel's Learning Theory (1963), with the aim of improving learning by applying relevant strategies. Students equipped with a theoretical basis on the subject have the chance to observe, perceive and analyze the theoretical knowledge obtained with the practical situation. In this way, students can understand and reach conclusions with the teacher helping them with any doubts and questions in order to combine theory and applied practice, making the knowledge more solid in the student's perception. The laboratory is an important part of teaching natural sciences, but in our country schools lack such a structure that they also need technicians to assist teachers, so to remedy this deficiency in the theme proposed by this work, which was designed in experiments to facilitate theoretical-experimental understanding. The methodology of how the dynamic is developed is initially with the student following the assembly of the experiments, with low-cost and accessible materials showing that it is possible to combine theoretical classes with the construction and demonstration of experiments in the classroom, being a way to fill the gap in practical experiences in natural science disciplines. The introduction of experiments had positive results in improving learning, due to the sum of theoretical content, practical support material and practical experiments that reinforced the understanding of the content.