Distribuição espacial de doenças transmitidas por insetos em Campo Maior: um estudo epidemiológico e socioambiental

Abstract

This study analyzed the incidence of arboviral diseases—specifically dengue, Zika, and chikungunya—in the municipality of Campo Maior, Piauí, focusing on the relationship between population density, vegetation cover, and basic sanitation infrastructure. Epidemiological data indicated that only these three arboviruses were reported by local Epidemiological Surveillance, with significant variation in incidence across the 15 urban neighborhoods and rural areas. The São Luiz neighborhood showed the highest number of dengue cases (17), followed by Fripisa and Cidade Nova, characterized by high population density and low vegetation cover. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the lack of sanitation infrastructure and higher arbovirus incidence, particularly in densely populated areas. Campo Maior lacks adequate basic sanitation systems, which favors the formation of Aedes aegypti breeding sites, as insufficient drainage and sewage systems contribute to the accumulation of stagnant water. Although rural areas showed lower incidence rates, ongoing urban expansion and inadequate infrastructure also pose risks in these regions. The findings suggest that urban vegetation may function as a natural barrier against mosquito proliferation, highlighting the importance of preservation and reforestation strategies. The study concludes that effective arbovirus control in Campo Maior requires integrated measures, including the expansion of green areas and improvements in sanitation infrastructure, especially in densely populated neighborhoods such as São Luiz, to reduce vector-borne disease incidence and improve local public health.