Leitura e fake news: estratégias para o reconhecimento de fato noticioso falso por alunos do 9º ano

Abstract

The implementation of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) brought new reflections to the teaching of Portuguese, paying special attention to work with genres in the journalistic sphere. In this bias, it is important that, in addition to the use of genres, teachers also explore contemporary social practices linked to social networks such as: enjoy, comment, redistribute, publish news, such as issues related to the journalistic-media sphere, involving reliability information, the proliferation of fake news, as well as the manipulation of facts and information, helping students, specifically those in the 8th and 9th grade of elementary school, to develop skills to understand news facts, position themselves before them and analyze them. them in different sources and media. It is in this context that this master's research fits, with the general objective of describing strategies used by 9th grade students to identify fake news in Portuguese language classes. The main hypothesis is that, through a pedagogical intervention consisting of reading strategies, students are able to understand the news facts, position themselves before them and point out whether they are made up of lies, analyzing, in addition to the textual structure, the verification / evaluation of the vehicle, source, date and place of publication, authorship, URL, in addition to comparison in different sources and consultation of curatorial sites that attest to the reliability of the news. To support this research, the theoretical framework includes concepts of language, the concepts of reading and strategies in different media, the composition of the news genre and its use in the classroom. For this, the considerations that support this work are those elaborated by Bakhtin (1997), Marcuschi (2002, 2008), Bezerra (2017), Bronckart (2009), Koch (2014), Koch; Elias (2006), Cavalcante (2012), Dolz; Schneuwly (2004), Kleiman (2000), Solé (1998), Sim-Sim (2007), Leffa (1996) Coscarelli (2016), Silva (2003), Barton; Lee (2015), Figueiras (2017), among others. This is a qualitative and quantitative research. The quantitative character is justified by the need to expose some information in numbers to classify them and, later, to analyze them, which requires the use of statistical resources, since the qualitative profile is characterized by the fact that all the data will result important analyzes that will be supported by references from renowned authors. As for nature, the research is characterized as applied, aiming at the production of knowledge that has a practical application, that is, that aim to minimize specific problems, in this case, the identification of false news, from 9th grade students. The analysis corpus consisted of 256 questionnaires resulting from the application of reading and information checking activities, a total of 16 students actually participated. Four news items were verified, two fake news and two true. It was proven that reading through metacognitive strategies coupled with knowledge of the news genre in a virtual environment and the use of resources from digital literacy, together, contributed so that all participating students could identify the correct nature of the news, when false and true.