O gênero resumo de comunicação oral em evento de iniciação científica: análises contextual e retórica nos cursos de letras/português e de enfermagem

Abstract

At the university, the abstract is considered a recurrent genre and a resource for apprehending academic literacies. Current research shows perspectives on abstract as a polysemous term for many genres (OLIVEIRA, 2017). In the academic context, the abstract of oral communication in scientific initiation (IC) events is produced by students participating in the Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program (PIBIC), and this genre is requested for publication in abstract books and presentation at IC events. Although this genre is required by the same context, we start from the hypothesis that the undergraduate courses in Letters/Portuguese and in Nursing at the State University of Piauí (UESPI) differ in the way they conduct the textual/discursive organization in rhetorical units and subunits. Thus, we aim to analyze the practices of writing abstracts of oral communication in a IC event by undergraduate students in Letters/Portuguese and in Nursing at UESPI, as well as verify, through a questionnaire, how producers understand the institutional process genre production.The theoreticalmethodological framework consisted of studies by Swales (1990, 2004, 2009, 2016), Biasi-Rodrigues (1998, 2009), Bezerra (2010, 2012) and Melo and Bezerra (2021). The study corpus is composed of twenty (20) abstracts of Literature/Portuguese and twenty (20) abstracts of Nursing. The results show that the abstracts of oral communication in a IC event present a rhetorical organization, based on linguistic marks, unique for each disciplinary culture. As we understand, each course presents specific ways of understanding, meaning and acting communicatively through the writing of abstracts.We verified, based on the data from the questionnaires, that the abstracts are a kind of procedural result of the academic experience, specifically in relation to the disciplinary culture. We also found that the rhetorical organization of the abstracts in Letters/Portuguese and in Nursing, carried out by means of units and subunits, is characterized by processes and practices of academic literacy specific to each disciplinary culture. In this way, the abstract genre of oral communication in a IC event presents a particular regularity in each course, not because the abstract is different, but because the way of understanding, interpreting and carrying out the communication is unique for each area of the same academic discursive community. The observation of the context in relation to the production of the abstract influenced the rhetorical strategies used in each area, explaining similarities, such as the great recurrence of the subunit that presents the research objective in the two courses, and differences, such as the absence of rhetorical unit 2, that contextualizes research in the area of Nursing. We conclude that the present research constitutes a basis for the development of new studies in the scope of academic literacies and genre studies.