Modelos didáticos sobre insetos transmissores de doenças no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alunos do ensino médio

Abstract

The teaching of insects has been worked on in high schools with emphasis mainly on morphological aspects, being often left out of the social, economic and environmental importance that they can cause. With gigantic biodiversity, these animals provide benefits and harm to humans. This study focused especially on insects that transmit diseases such as Dengue, Chagas Disease, Kala-azar and COVID-19, in a hypothetical analysis that was deconstructed by the students and the teacher. Through the use of didactic models, it was sought to create means to improve the teaching and learning process, aiming at scientific literacy and the development of the student's argumentative capacity. Teaching by investigation was taken into account for the construction and use of the modeled objects, which took place in two classes of the 2nd year of high school at a school located in the city of Caxias-MA. Activities with guiding problems involving disease vectors were proposed. After carrying out the activity, the students evaluated the methodologies used through a questionnaire with quali-quantitative questions. It was found that the methodologies with the use of didactic models associated with investigative teaching strategies contributed significantly to the improvement of students' learning. In addition, they provided an increase in motivation, participation, interaction and greater assimilation of the topic worked on. It was possible to conclude that although the use of modeling provides several benefits in teaching and learning, it should, if possible, be complemented with other didactic resources as a way of encompassing all the diversity of students in the classroom. The need for a more critical training of teachers and less tied to traditional teaching in universities is another factor that can contribute to the fact that the teaching of insects associated with didactic models with investigative use is not considered so rare, as mentioned by students.