A fantasia e a literatura no cinema: estudo de The Hobbit de J. R. R. Tolkien

Abstract

J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel The Hobbit is an epic fantasy tale written in 1937 that chronicles the adventures of a hobbit named Bilbo Baggins traveling through Middle-earth in search of treasure guarded by a dragon which lives into the Lonely Mountain. This creation based on mythological elements that make Tolkien's fantasy was adapted by Peter Jackson in a filmic trilogy in Hollywood movie format. This dissertation aims to analyze the strategies and procedures used by the cinema to make the adaptation of Tolkien’s book to film language. The filmic trilogy consists of the films The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Hobbit - The Battle of The Five Armies (2014). The theoretical framework of this research include Anna Maria Balogh (2005), Linda Hutcheon (2006), Thaïs Flores Nogueira Diniz (1999) and David Bordwell (1985) with regard to intersemiotic translation, construction of signs and literary and filmic narrative; Tzvetan Todorov (2010) with regard to the fantastic genre in the literature; and texts from Marcel Martin (2005), Jacques Aumont (1995), Robert Stam (2006) and Ismail Xavier (1983, 2005) to review the procedures used by the cinema in the adaptation process. It is concluded in this research, through the analysis of determined resources used in the construction of meanings between literature and cinema, how the film adaptation was able to translate the elements of the book.